Amygdala-stimulation-induced apnea is attention and nasal-breathing dependent

Effect of improved nasal breathing on obstructive sleep apnea.

OBJECTIVES The goal was to compare the effect of an improved nasal airway on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by use of subjective and objective measures. METHODS A prospective study of 50 consecutive patients with nasal airway obstruction and OSA was carried out. RESULTS Subjectively, nasal breathing improved in 49 (98%) patients, whereas snoring decreased or disappeared in 17 (34%); the rema...

Differential Consequences of Unilateral Nasal Air-Puff Stimulation on Breathing Pattern and Respiratory System Mechanics in Tracheotomized Rats

Oscillations in the basolateral amygdala: aversive stimulation is state dependent and resets the oscillatory phase.

Slow oscillations (<1 Hz) in neural activity occur during sleep and quiet wakefulness in both animals and humans. Here we show that in urethan-anesthetized animals, neurons in the basolateral amygdala in vivo display a slow oscillation between resting membrane potential (down-state) and depolarized potentials (up-states) occurring at a frequency of approximately 0.3 Hz. This oscillation is inse...

Towards Restoration of Continuous Nasal Breathing as the Ultimate Treatment Goal in Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea

The interaction between oral-facial structural growth and muscle activity starts early in development and continues through childhood. Chronic oral breathing is an important clinical marker of orofacial muscle dysfunction, which may be associated with palatal growth restriction, nasal obstruction, and/ or a primary disorder of muscular or connective tissue dysfunction. It is easily documented o...

The relationship between nasal airway size and nasal-oral breathing.

Most clinicians agree that impaired nasal breathing results in obligatory mouth breathing. Some believe that mouth breathing influences dentofacial growth; others disagree. The term mouth breathing is confusing because total mouth breathing rarely occurs. A combination of nasal and oral breathing is more usual. The purpose of the present study involving 116 adult subjects was to (1) assess the ...